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By reviewing ancient materia medica， prescription and medical books， combined with modern literature， the paper made textual research on the name， origin， producing area， quality evaluation， harvesting and processing methods of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix， so as to provide a basis for the selection and use of these two herbs in the development of famous classical formulas. Through textual research， it can be found that Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix were mixed together in the early history of China， but the distinction was first made during the Southern and Northern dynasties， and since then there have been constant controversies， and it is not until contemporary times that they are distinguished clearly. In the past dynasties， Duhuo and Qianghuo were used as the rectification of names， some aliases and trade names were also seen. Angelica biserrata is the mainstream origin of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix in the past dynasties， and there are many plants belonging to Angelica， Heracleum and Aralia， which are also used as this medicine. However， the origin of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix used in the past dynasties is mostly Notopterygium incisum or N. franchetii， which is relatively uniform. The producing areas of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix are mostly concentrated in the western and northwestern regions of China， among which Angelicae Pubescentis Radix is mainly produced in Hubei， Chongqing， Sichuan， Shaanxi and other places， and the border area between Hubei and Chongqing is the geo-authentic area. Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix is mainly produced in Sichuan， Gansu， Qinghai， Shaanxi and others with the western and northern Sichuan and southern Gansu as the geo-authentic areas. Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix in the past dynasties were harvested in spring and autumn， especially in February and August of the lunar calendar. Angelicae Pubescentis Radix with strong main roots， few branches， firm texture and strong aroma is superior， and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix with strong rhizomes， tightly raised knots， purple-brown skin， tight cross-section， strong aroma and silkworm-like shape is superior. The processing methods of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix are mostly cut after cutting the reeds， and the raw product is used as medicine. Based on the above research results， it is recommended that the roots of A. biserrata should be used for Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and the roots of N. incisum should be used for Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix in the development of famous classical formulas， and raw products should be used in the formulas that do not specify processing requirements.
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Existing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-related databases are still insufficient in data standardization, integrity and precision, and need to be updated urgently. Herein, an Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine version 2.0 (ETCM v2.0, http://www.tcmip.cn/ETCM2/front/#/) was constructed as the latest curated database hosting 48,442 TCM formulas recorded by ancient Chinese medical books, 9872 Chinese patent drugs, 2079 Chinese medicinal materials and 38,298 ingredients. To facilitate the mechanistic research and new drug discovery, we improved the target identification method based on a two-dimensional ligand similarity search module, which provides the confirmed and/or potential targets of each ingredient, as well as their binding activities. Importantly, five TCM formulas/Chinese patent drugs/herbs/ingredients with the highest Jaccard similarity scores to the submitted drugs are offered in ETCM v2.0, which may be of significance to identify prescriptions/herbs/ingredients with similar clinical efficacy, to summarize the rules of prescription use, and to find alternative drugs for endangered Chinese medicinal materials. Moreover, ETCM v2.0 provides an enhanced JavaScript-based network visualization tool for creating, modifying and exploring multi-scale biological networks. ETCM v2.0 may be a major data warehouse for the quality marker identification of TCMs, the TCM-derived drug discovery and repurposing, and the pharmacological mechanism investigation of TCMs against various human diseases.
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Meige syndrome is one of the rare Diseases of neurology. It is a part of the group of segmental cranial dystonia, which affects more than two cranial muscle groups. Especially, blepharospasm is associated with another cranial dystonia. Currently, the etiology and pathogenesis of this disorder are not well-understood. Based on the theory of collaterals and the relationship between collateral disease and five zang organs,we try to classify the disease into the category of collateral disease, and hold that the mechasnism of disease is not only linked to brain, but also the five zang organs. The disorder of qi and blood leads to the "deficiency of qi and blood", "phlegm-damp" and "stagnant blood" in collateral. These pathological changes cause the deficiency of both qi and blood in brain marrow and tendon.We think that "unblocking and regulating the collterals"is the general program. Adjusting the five zang organs to heel the brain is the key point of the treatment. What's more, we create Tongmai Heluo Decoction to regulate qi and blood of the collateral. This decoction is composed of Huangqi Jianzhong Decoction with some herbal medicine for tonifying qi and activating blood. By adjusting the middle energizer, the qi and the qi movement of five zang organs are well regulated. We use this decoction effectively on refractory Meige syndrome.
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Over the past decade, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has widely embraced systems biology and its various data integration approaches to promote its modernization. Thus, integrative pharmacology-based traditional Chinese medicine (TCMIP) was proposed as a paradigm shift in TCM. This review focuses on the presentation of this novel concept and the main research contents, methodologies and applications of TCMIP. First, TCMIP is an interdisciplinary science that can establish qualitative and quantitative pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) correlations through the integration of knowledge from multiple disciplines and techniques and from different PK-PD processes
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Objective To compare the lung injury in thoracoscopic cardiac surgery with one-lung ventilation (OLV) and thoracotomy cardiac surgery.Methods A total of 60 patients underwent thoracotomy cardiac surgery (control group) or thoracoscopic cardiac surgery with OLV (observation group) in our hospital from May 2013 to December 2015 were enrolled,30 patients in each group.Two-lung ventilation was performed with a single-lumen endotracheal tube in the control group.In observation group,left lung ventilation was performed with a double-lumen endotracheal tube.Arterial blood gas analysis parameters,levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and surfactant protein A (SP-A) were detected after the induction of anesthesia (T1),before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)(T2),immediately after the onset of the CPB (T3),30 min after CPB (T,) and 60 min after CPB (T5),and the respiratory index (RI) was calculated at the above time points,as well.Lung tissues were collected during operation for nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) detection and pathological analysis.Results Compared with the control group,arterial partial pressures of oxygen (PaO2) were decreased at T3,T4 and T5,and RI values were increased at T2,T3,T4 and T5 in the observation group(P＜ 0.05).After surgery,the serum levels of ICAM-1 and expression levels of NF-κB in both two groups were increased,and serum levels of SP-A in both two groups were decreased;moreover,the levels of ICAM-1 and NF-κB in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05),and the level of SP-A in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05).The lung histopathological changes showed alveolar swelling,neutrophil infiltration and interstitial exudation in the observation group,and inflammation in the observation group was more obvious than that in the control group.Conclusion Comparing with thoracotomy cardiac surgery,lung injury is more serious in thoracoscopic cardiac surgery with OLV.
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Objective To compare the lung injury in thoracoscopic cardiac surgery with one-lung ventilation (OLV) and thoracotomy cardiac surgery.Methods A total of 60 patients underwent thoracotomy cardiac surgery (control group) or thoracoscopic cardiac surgery with OLV (observation group) in our hospital from May 2013 to December 2015 were enrolled,30 patients in each group.Two-lung ventilation was performed with a single-lumen endotracheal tube in the control group.In observation group,left lung ventilation was performed with a double-lumen endotracheal tube.Arterial blood gas analysis parameters,levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and surfactant protein A (SP-A) were detected after the induction of anesthesia (T1),before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)(T2),immediately after the onset of the CPB (T3),30 min after CPB (T,) and 60 min after CPB (T5),and the respiratory index (RI) was calculated at the above time points,as well.Lung tissues were collected during operation for nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) detection and pathological analysis.Results Compared with the control group,arterial partial pressures of oxygen (PaO2) were decreased at T3,T4 and T5,and RI values were increased at T2,T3,T4 and T5 in the observation group(P＜ 0.05).After surgery,the serum levels of ICAM-1 and expression levels of NF-κB in both two groups were increased,and serum levels of SP-A in both two groups were decreased;moreover,the levels of ICAM-1 and NF-κB in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05),and the level of SP-A in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05).The lung histopathological changes showed alveolar swelling,neutrophil infiltration and interstitial exudation in the observation group,and inflammation in the observation group was more obvious than that in the control group.Conclusion Comparing with thoracotomy cardiac surgery,lung injury is more serious in thoracoscopic cardiac surgery with OLV.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of TCM injection in the clinic. METHODS:Retrieved from CNKI,VIP,Wanfang database and PubMed database,literatures about top 10 TCM injections in the list of report number stated in 2014 CFDA ADR monitoring report were researched in recent 30 years. By literature retrospective study,ADR/ADE induced by TCM injection were analyzed. Combining with post-marketing drug safety re-evaluation and rationality study,the security of clini-cal use of TCM injection was evaluated. RESULTS:A total of 2013 literatures were retrieved,1354 were. Most organs or systems were involved in ADR,especially cardiovascular system,respiratory system,skin and its appendants. Allergic reaction was main clinical manifestation,among which server ADR was allergic shock. Ten ADR/ADE-inducing TCM injections had the lower consis-tency with instructions in the original diseases,solvent,dosage concentration and compatibility application. Consistency rate of original diseases,solvent and dosage concentration was 78.30%,77.94% and 74.64%;81.73% of them were used individually. CON-CLUSIONS:ADR/ADE induced by TCM injection is serious. It is urgent to improve post-marketing revaluation scheme from the aspects of safety and rationality.
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[ ABSTRACT] AIM: To investigate the role of TNF-αand NF-κB in the mechanism of neuropathic pain due to chronically compressed dorsal root ganglion ( CCD) .METHODS:Based on the CCD model, von Frey filaments were used to quantify behavior test.The expression changes of TNF-αand NF-κB were determined by Western blotting, and the cor-relation between the expression of TNF-αand the 50%paw withdrawal threshold was also analyzed.Moreover, the location of TNF-αin dorsal root ganglion ( DRG) was observed with immunofluorescence double staining.RESULTS: We found 50%paw withdrawal threshold of CCD decreased at the first day after operation.The mechanical allodynia was the most ob-vious at postoperative 7~14 d and lasted longer than 35 d.The expression of TNF-αand NF-κB increased significantly in DRG after operation (P<0.01), especially at 7~14 d, and then restored gradually.Moreover, there was a correlation between the protein expression of TNF-αand the changes of neuropathic behavior ( P<0.05 ) .CONCLUSION: TNF-αand NF-κB are involved in the mechanism of mechanical allodynia after chronically compressed DRG.
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Objective To analyze the composition principles of Chinese patent drugs containing Rehmanniae Radix;To provide reference for clinical application and new drug research and development.Methods Based on the software Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System (V2.0), the authors built prescription database containing Rehmanniae Radix in National Standard for Chinese Patent Drugs (NSCPD). Then the authors adopted the statistical module by using data mining methods such as association rules and improved mutual information method, with a purpose to analyze the attending disease, combination rules and the core groups in prescriptions containing Rehmanniae Radix.Results In 357 prescriptions containing Rehmanniae Radix, 17 most commonly used drug combinations were mined. Meanwhile, two diseases, namely, insomnia and vertigo were chosen from the 22 diseases that Rehmanniae Radix was most frequently used to make deeper analysis, showing that Rehmanniae Radix can achieve different therapeutic effects through different compatibility.Conclusion Prescriptions containing Rehmanniae Radixin NSCPD mainly concentrate on clear heat and cool blood, and nourish Yin. The composition principles obtained from the research that Rehmanniae Radix used when curing different diseases can fully play the efficacy of RehmanniaeRadix and provide evidence for clinical scientific formulae.
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Objective To analyze the composition principles of Chinese patent drugs containing Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (Jinyinhua) in National Standard for Chinese Patent Drugs (NSCPD) enacted by Ministry of Public Health of China by using Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System (TCMISS), and provide reference for its clinical application and development. Methods Based on TCMISS (V2.0), with methods of association rules and improved mutual information method, we analyzed the composition patterns and rules of single drugs and drug combinations. Results Through analyzing on the 201 patent drugs, 21 core drug combinations and 19 diseases that Jinyinhua commonly used were mined, from which influenza, and sore and ulcer were chosen to further analysis, including core drugs and drug combination rules, syndrome etc, disclosing the composition principles of Jinyinhua used in different diseases. Conclusion Patent drugs containing Jinyinhua collected from NSCPD mainly could clear heat and remove toxicity, and the composition principles reflect the compitable characteristics of Jinyinhua in treating different diseases, which are in accordence with clinical application of multiple-efficacy drugs.
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Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and treatment method for no midline shift-severe craniocerebral trauma accompanied with post-traumatic acute diffuse brain swelling (PADBS).Methods 60 PADBS patients were randomly divided into conservative treatment group and operation group,30 patients in each group.The operation group was treated with intracranial pressure monitoring by implantation of the probe and decompressive craniectomy,while the conservative treatment group received conservative treatment.The postoperative recovery was observed.Results The GCS scores of operation group postoperative 7d and 15d were (11.21 ± 2.24) and (12.88 ±2.31),which were obviously higher than (7.47 ± 1.51) and (8.19 ± 1.28) of the conservative treatment group (t =2.215,2.321,all P ＜ 0.05).Postoperative long-term follow-up results indicated that,according to GOS score,63.3％ patients in the operation group recovered well,which was significantly higher than 26.7％ in the conservative treatment group.While the percent of patients with coma or dead was 6.7％ and 10.0％ in the operation group,which were significantly lower than the conservative treatment group (x2 =15.721,4.172,3.84,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion In general,PADBS could not be cured easliy,the operation methods of using intracranial pressure monitoring and decompressive craniectomy based on conservative treatment could help to evaluate the trauma objectivly,detect the changes of disease earlier,treat in time and assess the prognosis accurately,all which would reduce the mortality.
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Epidemic influenza (flu) is a disease threatening the life of people for a long history.A precise forecast for the flu outbreak can warn and help health care providers to take measures to reduce the influences and harms in advance.At present,with the development of information technology,there have accumulated tremendous data of flu trends and climate information.With a history of 90 years researches about the forecast of flu trends,researchers have put forward different types of forecasting methods,and each of them has merits and demerits.Among these methods,those ones considering the key climate factors have higher precisions.Considering various methods at present,the prediction accuracy can be improved mainly from two aspects:on one hand,the forecast accuracy can be improved by effectively integrate the advantages of different models ; On the other hand,the prediction must take into account of the specific climate of an area,pathogens and the mode of transmission characteristics in order to determine the most relevant climate factors or other highly related factors with which to design a more reasonable and accurate prediction method.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish an everted intestinal sac method for determining absorption ingredients of yuanhuzhitong pill and study absorption characteristics of major chemical constituents of yuanhuzhitong pill.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The everted intestinal sac model was adopted. Intestinal sac fluid samples at different time points after administration of three concentrations of Yuanhuzhitong pill were collected and determined by HPLC. The accumulative absorbed doses of active constituents were calculated, while the proportion between samples of yuanhuzhitong pill and absorption ingredients was compared.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Eight ingredients of Yuanhuzhitong pill can be detected in intestinal sac, they are protopine, palmatine, coptisine, imperatorin, berberine, byakangelicin, alpha-allocryptopine and tetrahydropalmatine. The absorption rate constants (Ka) of eight constituents increased in jejunum and ileum with the increase in concentration of Yuanhuzhitong pill extracts (P < 0. 05), indicating a passive absorption.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>As ingredients are selectively absorbed in intestinal sac, the everted intestinal sac method is selected to assess the intestinal absorption characteristics of ingredients of Yuanhuzhitong prescription.</p>
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Animals , Male , Rats , Angelica , Chemistry , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Corydalis , Chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Pharmacokinetics , Intestinal Absorption , Intestines , Metabolism , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
As a traditional Chinese medicine, Valeriana jatamansi has a long history of application in China. It is widely distributed and commonly adopted by many ethnic groups. In particular, its roots have a wide range of medicinal value. With the increasingly more attention on it from domestic and foreign researchers, there have been more and more studies on its pharmacological activity and mechanism. This essay summarizes domestic and foreign reports on its pharmacological activity and mechanism.
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Animals , Humans , Anti-Infective Agents , Pharmacology , Antihypertensive Agents , Pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic , Pharmacology , Central Nervous System Depressants , Pharmacology , Gastrointestinal Tract , Plant Extracts , Pharmacology , ValerianABSTRACT
Network pharmacology, as a new developmental direction of drug discovery, was generating attention of more and more researchers. The key problem in drug discovery was how to identify the new interactions between drugs and target proteins. Prediction of new interaction was made to find potential targets based on the predicting model constructed by the known drug-protein interactions. According to the deficiencies of existing predicting algorithm based bipartite graph, a supervised learning integration method of bipartite graph was proposed in this paper. Firstly, the bipartite graph network was constructed based on the known interactions between drugs and target proteins. Secondly, the evaluation model for association between drugs and target proteins was created. Thirdly, the model was used to predict the new interactions between drugs and target proteins and confirm the new predicted targets. On the testing dataset, our method performed much better than three other predicting methods. The proposed method integrated chemical space, therapeutic space and genomic space, constructed the interaction network of drugs and target proteins, created the evaluation model and predicted the new interactions with good performance.
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Algorithms , Drug Delivery Systems , Methods , Drug Discovery , Methods , Genomics , Methods , Models, Theoretical , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Metabolism , Protein Binding , Protein Interaction Mapping , Methods , Proteins , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
Drug targets discovery is one of the most important elements in new drug development, and a variety of methods have been developed recently from this point of view. This paper proposed a network-based local and global consistency for cardiovascular genes identification. Results were evaluated through the widely used database HPRD and DrugBank. Results showed that our algorithm can give reasonable candidate targets set. The method in this paper could be an impressive solution for targets searching.
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Humans , Algorithms , Cardiovascular Diseases , Genetics , Metabolism , Databases, Protein , Drug Delivery Systems , Methods , Drug Discovery , Methods , Gene Regulatory Networks , Models, Theoretical , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Metabolism , Protein Binding , Protein Interaction Mapping , Methods , Proteins , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Potention drug-targets on anti-neuropathy of stroke were summarized, and it will provide materials for developing innovation components traditional Chinese medicine on anti-cerebral infarction neuropathy.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>This article had done a series of researching work about neurovascular unit which includes three kinds of cells: neuron, gliacyte,brain microvascular endothelial cell, then signal mechanism of cell death or apoptosis of each section of stroke neuropathy was analysised by the historical documents.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>There are five important pathways: inflammatory factor-MMPs pathway- Caspases, Ca2+ -mitochondrial pathway-Caspases, Ca2+ -Phospholipase-PI-3K/AK pathway, Ca2+ -radical-MAPK pathway, Ca2+ -NO-protease pathway, among all the nodes, Caspases, Ca2+, NO were the most important ones.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Developing the multi-mechanism and multilevel of traditional chinese medicine under the guidance of the theories of network pharmacology and neurovascular unit will play an important role in studying the key links of signal-network of stroke neuropathy.</p>
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Humans , Calcium , Metabolism , Caspases , Metabolism , Cerebral Infarction , Metabolism , Drug Delivery Systems , Methods , MAP Kinase Signaling System , Matrix Metalloproteinases , Metabolism , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Methods , Models, Biological , Pharmacology , Methods , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases , Metabolism , Polyneuropathies , Metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt , Metabolism , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
Application of network pharmacology in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) will be benefit for clarifying active components and mechanism of action of TCM and increase the study level of new drug of Chinese medicine. ADME process can identify drug components from TCM and obtain the possible metabolites which can clarify active components in vivo. For the complexity of active constituents of TCM, it indicated that the ADME process will be the precondition for application of network pharmacology in TCM. This paper introduced the study ideas of the combination of ADME process in vivo and network pharmacology.
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Humans , Drug Delivery Systems , Methods , Drug Therapy , Methods , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Metabolism , Pharmacokinetics , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Methods , Pharmacology , MethodsABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effect of greater trochanteric transfer for the treatment of coxa brevis in children and adolescents.Methods From August 2005 to January 2011,twenty patients (22 hips)with coxa brevis underwent greater trochanteric transfer.Among them 18 patients (20 hips) were available for evaluation,including 4 boys and 14 girls,with an average age of 11.4 years (range,7.5-15.0 years) at operation.Five cases (6 hips) were caused by Perthes disease,and 13 cases (14 hips) were caused by developmental dysplasia of hip.Four patients (4 hips) had undergone greater trochanteric epiphyseodesis ever before.All patients were fixed with tension screw after the deformity was corrected during the operation.After operation,the human plaster spica was used for 6 weeks in all patients.Results All patients were followed up for 14 to 79 months (average,31 months).At the last follow-up,fatigue or pain in the hips disappeared or improved in 13 patients.Sixteen patients had limping and positive Trendelenburg sign preoperatively,at the last follow-up 9 patients got improvement.Twelve patients (13 hips) had limitation of abduction of the hip,the average range of abduction was 25.38°±1.20°,which was improved to 45.38°±1.05° at the last follow-up.The average articulotrochanteric distance and ratio of the distance from the greater trochanter tip to femoral head center and the radius of the femoral head at the last follow-up was (17.47+3.14)mm and 2.10±0.21,respectively,there were statistical differences compared with those before operation [(-2.89±4.62) mm and 1.59±0.22,respectiovely].The average leg-length discrepancy at the last follow-up was (0.78t±0.26) cm,which had on statistical differences compared with that [(0.83 ±0.33) cm]before operation.Conclusion Greater trochanteric transfer for the treatment of coxa brevis in children and adolescents could improve the clinical symptom,recover the normal anatomy of the proximal femoral,restore the hip biomechanics environment,but could uot improve the leg-length discrepancy.
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To find out which biomaterial had the best biocompatibility, we compared the acute phase reaction of common biomaterials preparing for vascular grafts with the material of polyurethane modified by silk fibroin (SF-PU(1:1)). After transplanted the materials of dacron, polyterafluoroethylene (e-PTFE), polyurethane (PU), SF-PU(1:1) in rat muscle for one week, we studied the influence of different biomaterials on the histocompatibility by using rat acute toxicity test, test of local reaction in muscle, tissue section staining, WBC and PLT count. As a result, dacron had the worst histocompatibility. The other biomaterials had slight local inflammatory reaction. The WBC and PLT was nearly the same with the blank except dacron. e-PTFE, pure PU and SF-PU(1:1) had the better histocompatibility than traditional dacron. Especially SF-PU(1:1) had the best histocompatibility. Because of the better physical properties and histocompatibility of SF-PU( 1:1), the prospect of preparing small-diameter vascular grafts with SF-PU was cheerful.